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Lesson 1 · Foundations

What is a generative model?

A generative model is AI that creates brand-new things — images, text, music — instead of just sorting or labelling what already exists. It studies millions of examples until it learns their pattern well enough to make new ones that look like they belong.

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Two kinds of AI: sorters and makers

Most AI you've met is a sorter: it looks at a photo and says "cat or dog?", or reads a review and says "happy or angry?". A generative model is a maker: give it the idea "a cat" and it produces a brand-new cat picture that never existed before. Same raw ingredient — data — but one labels it and the other creates from it.

Learning a style, not memorising

Think of an art student who studies thousands of Van Gogh paintings. They don't memorise one painting to copy it — they absorb the style: the swirls, the colours, the brushwork. Afterwards they can paint a new scene Van Gogh never painted, in his style. A generative model does the same with its training data: it learns the pattern, then makes new work that fits it.

The big idea

  • Generative models learn the underlying pattern of their data, then sample new examples from it.
  • They work for many kinds of data: images (Midjourney, DALL·E), text (ChatGPT), audio, and video.
  • This course covers the main families: GANs, VAEs, and — the one behind today's image tools — diffusion.

Where we're headed

Over the next lessons we'll meet three ways to build a generative model — GANs, VAEs, and diffusion — then see how they team up with language to turn your words into pictures. Let's start with the most competitive one: GANs.

A sorter labels existing data; a generative model makes new data.
Next: what is a GAN? →